słowa kluczowe: regulacje prawne, niespójność przepisów, instrukcje kolejowe, problematyka przepisów w instrukcjach PKP PLK S.A.

keywords: law regulations, inconsistency of regulations, railway regulations, regulations in the PKP instructions

keywords: Poland, AGH University of Science and Technology, railway engineering, railway transport, AGH UST, international cooperation collaboration, Panama, science diplomacy, AGH University, UTP, interuniversity cooperation, Universidad Tecnologica de Panama

keywords: control measurements, roads, accidents, railroads, intersection angle, triangle of visibility, safety roads, rail safety, railway level crossing, safety challenge, incidents

słowa kluczowe: NMT, numeryczny model terenu, masy ziemne, model GRID, model TIN

keywords: DTM, Digital Terrain Model, earth masses, model GRID, model TIN

keywords: terrestrial laser scanning, augmented reality, building information modeling, virtual reality, feasibility study, TLS, BIM, advanced work packaging, AWP, AR, VR, modelling of information on buildings, modelling of information on constructions

keywords: diagnostics, monitoring, surveying, electric traction, catenary, railway track geometry, measuring instruments, sustainability development, return network, electrified traction system, estimates of railway track condition

keywords: transport, optimisation, geometry, station, marshalling hump, hump, marshalling yard, transport problems, calculation procedure

keywords: railway surveying, railway geodesy, closed area, investment realization center, PKP S.A. (Polish State Railways), PKP PLK S.A. (Rail lines Management), investment process

słowa kluczowe: przykładnica magnetyczno-pomiarowa, MMS, przejazd, trójkąt widzialności, metryka przejazdu, pomiar przejazdu, przejście, przejazd kolejowo-drogowy, geometria przejazdu kolejowo-drogowego

keywords: magnetic-measuring square, MMS, crossing, visibility splay, crossing certificate, crossing measurement, passage, rail-road crossing, geometry of the rail-road crossing

słowa kluczowe: połączenia torów, rozjazd zwyczajny, geometria rozjazdu, pomiar w planie, badania rozjazdów, wstawka prosta, TSI

keywords: cross over, railroad switches, single turnout, single point, geometry of turnout, measurement of layout, examination of turnouts, straight railway segment, TSI

keywords: thermography, diagnostics, monitoring, surveying, thermovision, thermal imaging, thermovision camera, temperature sensors, railway infrastructure, railway vehicle, railway rolling stock, railway suprastructure, non traction needs, measuring instruments

keywords: terrestrial laser scanning, railway surveying grid, surveying sign, surveying railway special grid, near field communication

keywords: energy consumption, monitoring, traction drive, electric traction, traction, catenary, braking, geometry, sustainability development, electrified traction system, movement resistances, startup, jointed railway track, JRT, continuous welded rail track, CWR track

keywords: temperature, colour, material fatigue, engineering, thermal stress, Continuous Welded Rail, CWR, stress free temperature, SFT, rail temperature, reflective surface, Rail Transportation Engineering, RTE, rail transportation infrastructure

keywords: surveying, geodesy, cartography, irregularities, railway areas, efficiency of railway infrastructure

keywords: magnetic-measuring square, level crossing, pedestrian crossing, passage, measurement innovations, railway special grid, railway surveying grid, level crossing measurement, irregularities in level crossings, NFC, near field communication, KOS